Usage-based pricing is specific to Intellectual Property Management (IPM), in which rights are sold based on the usage of an intellectual property. For example, media companies often sell the rights for a feature or season to television companies and price them based on the channel subscription or viewership. This number is provided to the media companies through a third-party agency, and the rights are priced based on the data. This method of pricing ensures that media companies maximize their revenue for blockbusters. In this article, I provide only the delta configuration required for usage-based IPM pricing. Before taking the steps I provide, you must configure the following in your system:

1. Standard price configurations should already be in place in SAP CRM, such as condition type, access sequence, and pricing procedure configurations.
2. All IPM scenario configurations should be complete, such as transaction type, item categories, copy controls, CRM WebClient UI configuration, and so on.
3. You should be familiar with the IPM process flow for the media industry.

Configuration Steps

To begin, you must follow step-by-step pricing configurations for IPM business scenarios. All of these configurations are defined under the Industry-Specific Solutions node. To start the process, follow IMG menu path transaction code SPRO > Customer Relationship Management > Industry-Specific Solutions > Media > Intellectual Property Management > Basic Functions > Pricing. The configurations necessary to set up usage-based pricing scenarios are:

1. Define cumulation rules
2. Define additional cumulation scope
3. Define data values
4. Maintain the data values profile

Define Cumulation Rules

Cumulation rules are normally defined as two character values that represent either a quantity or a value. They are a synonym for data values (which I cover in more depth later in this article) and mainly used by the system for calculation purposes. Specifically, data values are passed to cumulation rules during royalty calculation in license sales contracts. They have a one-to-one relationship with data values, so you cannot assign one cumulation rule to more than one data value. The steps to create a cumulation rule are as follows:

1. Use menu path transaction code SPRO > Customer Relationship Management > Industry-Specific Solutions > Media > Intellectual Property Management > Basic Functions > Pricing > Define Cumulation Rules (Figure 1).

2. Click the New Entries button to create a new cumulation rule.

3. In the screen that appears, create a new cumulation rule by entering a cumulation rule ID and a description (Figure 2). For this example, I used ZV and Number of Views.

 

Define Additional Cumulation Scope

Cumulation scope modifies the value of a data value based on the periods that the scope should consider to calculate the final value. The period can be the current period, a specific billing period, or based on inception to date (ITD) period before transferring to pricing for further royalty settlement calculation. If the period is defined as ITD, the system considers all previous billing periods’ data values for the final data value calculation. The following standard cumulation scopes are available: A (ITD: inception to date), B (PP: in this period), and C (PBP: per billing period). A symbol is assigned to each cumulation scope so that data values can be displayed in the settlement data collector. The steps you should take to define additional cumulation scopes are:

1. Follow IMG menu path SPRO > Customer Relationship Management > Industry-Specific Solutions > Media > Intellectual Property Management > Basic Functions > Pricing > Define Additional Cumulation Scope (Figure 3).

2. From the available scopes, select the appropriate ones for your project.

Define Data Values

Data values are primarily utilized in usage-based pricing, in which license sale amount calculations depend on the usage of Intellectual Property (IP)—such as number of buys, telecasts, or subscribers—which then becomes the basis for price calculations. You can define and confirm several data values against one royalty, and this can vary from scenario to scenario. Data values are entered during confirmation of usage data. For example, if a company needed “number of views” as one of its parameters to calculate the royalty amount for an IP (i.e., royalty amount = number of views * fee per view), then “number of views” will represent the data value and its expected usage value for each billing period, and that royalty amount will be billed to the customer. Define data values by following these steps: 1. Follow IMG Path SPRO > Customer Relationship Management > Industry-Specific Solutions > Media > Intellectual Property Management > Basic Functions > Pricing > Define Data Values. 2. Click the New Entries button in the screen that appears to create a new data value. This takes you to the screen shown in Figure 4. Enter the Data Value ID number, add a Description, and select the appropriate Cumulation Rule. 3. Open the Usage of Values folder on the left side of the screen (Figure 5). Assign the relevant cumulation scope (e.g., I selected PP: In this Period) and the price condition type, which the system populates with the final value of the data value.

Maintain the Data Values Profile

A data values profile defines the set of data values that are relevant for confirmation of IPM sales transactions. You need to define the profile and its associated data values (which you created through previous steps in this article). The process is: 1. Follow IMG menu path SPRO > Customer Relationship Management > Industry-Specific Solutions > Media > Intellectual Property Management > Basic Functions > Pricing > Define Data Values > Maintain Data Values Profile. 2. Click the New Entries button in the screen that appears to create a new data values profile (Figure 6). 3. On the next screen, enter a profile name and description (Figure 7). 4. Select data values (e.g., ZVIEWDPVP01 in my example), assign the data values, and save your work (Figure 8).

Pricing Integration with Usage Confirmation

Next, I cover the end-to-end integration of pricing with usage confirmation data. This process involves setting up perquisite pricing data in the license sales contract to trigger the usage pricing process, creating a confirmation document and inputting the usage data, and the flow of usage data to pricing for license fee calculation. It is helpful to know a bit of background information. Once a license sales contract is created, a follow-up document is created as an IPM confirmation document. This becomes the home base for outgoing or incoming royalties. In license sales contracts, royalties are calculated from data entered in the IPM confirmation document. Billing plans are maintained in the license sales contract, which creates the billing request item based on the period specified in the billing installment. In the IPM confirmation document, item confirmation information is entered manually for each billing request. When the confirmation document is saved, it triggers the pricing in the license sales contract if—and only if—pricing conditions are maintained in the price agreement.

Assign a Data Value Profile for a License Contract Royalty

In a license sales contract, assign the appropriate data values profile in the Royalties Attributes section (Figure 9). Note that if the IPM license sales contract is created in the SAP GUI (transaction code CRMD_Order), you find the Data Values profile field in the Rights Controls tab for that particular royalty item (Figure 10).    

Assign Pricing Conditions in Royalties Rates

Define the pricing conditions by clicking the New button and manually entering the price condition under the Royalties Rates section of a royalty in the Web GUI (Figure 11).   Alternatively, you can define the pricing in the Pricing Agreement tab in an SAP GUI sales contract (Figure 12). For this example, I selected Z9Q9, which represents the Fee per View condition type.    

Create Confirmation Document and Input Usage Data

When the license sales contract is saved, the system automatically generates the license confirmation as follow-up document (Figure 13). As I explained, in confirmation documents, values are entered against the data values for a specific period. Once the document is saved, the system maps the data value’s value to the respective pricing condition types and triggers the pricing in the sales contract. Next, pricing will flow from the confirmation document to the sales contract document. Start by entering the usage value against the data values as shown in Figure 14 and saving the usage confirmation document by clicking the Save button.

Flow of Usage Data to Pricing for License Fee Calculation

Once the usage is posted, the system saves the confirmation values in the database (e.g., 1,000 in Figure 14), maps them to the respective price condition, and triggers the new pricing for that particular billing period, which calculates the royalty amount. This is based on the pricing condition values maintained in price agreements and the confirmation value-based price condition in the license sales contract. The royalty calculation is available for each billing request item. In my example, fee per view was defined in the pricing agreement as 0.5 USD. The usage value for the number of views was entered as 1000. The royalty amount would be calculated as fee for view * number of views = 0.5 * 1000 = 500, as shown in Figure 15. Finally, you can click the Price Details link to see the pricing trace (Figure 16).