Finance is currently at the forefront of technology innovations within SAP. By being the first line of business to re-architect the core finance and controlling capabilities to leverage the capabilities of SAP S/4HANA, finance professionals can increase their organizations’ efficiency through automation, thereby freeing up their bandwidth to leverage dynamic planning and modeling to provide insight into the financial impact of strategic business decisions. The solution that enables finance to strategically guide organizations’ continued evolution is SAP S/4HANA Finance, which is part of the next-generation business suite, SAP S/4HANA (which stands for SAP Business Suite for SAP HANA). SAP S/4HANA is the heart of the digital core, which includes finance as well as other core lines of business, such as the extended supply chain. Refer to the sidebar “SAP S/4HANA Finance and the Digital Core” to see how finance fits into that bigger picture. SAP S/4HANA Finance is a renaming of SAP Simple Finance. Even prior to the adoption of the name SAP Simple Finance, there were other names in play, sometimes with different definitions as to what was included in the scope. Some names, such as the Financials add-on for SAP HANA, referred only to the innovations within finance. Other names, such as SAP S/4HANA Finance (and previously SAP Simple Finance) refer to the entire portfolio. For a detailed look at the naming history, and the scope referenced by each name, see the sidebar “Evolution of the Naming of SAP S/4HANA Finance.” Because of these frequent changes in naming, we come to the question that is top of mind for many customers: what, exactly, is meant by SAP S/4HANA Finance?

The Functional Scope of SAP S/4HANA Finance

SAP S/4HANA Finance refers to the entire portfolio of all SAP solutions for finance. These capabilities go across SAP ERP Financials, SAP enterprise performance management solutions (SAP EPM solutions), and SAP governance, risk, and compliance solutions (SAP GRC solutions). From a process perspective, that refers to the five end-to-end processes of the value map shown in Figure 1, including financial planning and analysis; accounting and financial close; treasury management; financial operations; and governance, risk and compliance for finance.

Figure 1

The value map of SAP S/4HANA Finance comprises five end-to-end processes

Deployment Modes

SAP S/4HANA Finance is available with all deployment modes:

On premise. The full scope of the business suite, including lines of business and industry solutions, continues to be enhanced, and continues to be available on premise, meaning each customer installs and maintains the software, and can also extend the software. New innovations will be released on an annual basis.
Private cloud. The private cloud offering also includes the full scope of the business suite, the difference being that the software is maintained by SAP. New innovations will also be released annually. There are two options for the private cloud. The SAP HANA Enterprise Cloud allows for full extensibility and customizations. The SAP S/4 HANA Cloud, private option, relies on standard modules and does not allow modifications, but does allow for extensibility via the SAP Cloud Platform, where SAP continues to provide standard applications and innovations, such as SAP RealSpend and SAP Cash Application. New innovations will be released on an annual basis; for the SAP HANA Cloud, private option, those innovations will be upgraded by SAP as soon as they are available.
Public cloud. SAP S/4HANA Cloud for finance is a new solution that refers specifically to capabilities available in the public cloud, and it is maintained by SAP. The core financial capabilities are available, which are often used for subsidiaries, acquired companies, and small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) companies, but can also be leveraged by large enterprises. Configuration is possible, but no changes to the core code can be made. Extensibility is provided by the SAP Cloud Platform. New innovations will be released on a quarterly basis.

Customers can also run hybrid scenarios, meaning that companies that are running SAP S/4HANA Finance on premise or in the private cloud can put only selected capabilities into the cloud. Examples include having subsidiaries run on the SAP S/4HANA Cloud for finance, or running supplier collaboration and invoice management with SAP Ariba with an integration back into SAP S/4HANA Finance. (Note: One particular scenario of interest is SAP S/4HANA for central finance foundation, which is an example of a hybrid deployment mode. In this scenario, there may be multiple back ends, either SAP or non-SAP. However, a company may still want to leverage SAP S/4HANA Finance without having to upgrade each back-end system to SAP S/4HANA. In this case, a separate instance of SAP S/4HANA Finance is put into place, and the back-end systems are mapped to this central finance instance. Local reporting and integration into logistics activities continue to take place in the originating systems. Corporate-level activities then take place within SAP Central Finance as the system of record — for example, management reporting across all systems and business units, consolidation, intercompany reconciliation, and top-level planning.)

Innovations within SAP S/4HANA Finance

Let’s take a closer look at the first innovations that were re-architected to leverage the in-memory technology of SAP HANA. Again, these are part of the overall portfolio of SAP S/4HANA Finance; we use the following component names of each of these capabilities:

SAP Accounting powered by SAP HANA. With the in-memory technology of SAP HANA, there is no more need for totals and summary tables or index tables, which reduces the system footprint required to run Finance. In addition, the separate tables across finance and controlling are all combined into one table, the universal journal (table ACDOCA). This includes the general ledger (customers can migrate to the universal journal either from the classic general ledger or from the SAP General Ledger); subledger information, including accounts payable, accounts receivable, and fixed assets; managerial accounting data such as cost centers, internal orders, projects, and so on; the material ledger; and account-based profitability analysis (the CO-PA module configured to include G/L accounts). Only cost-based profitability analysis (the CO-PA module configured to use value fields) continues to use its own database, since there is no 1:1 mapping from general ledger accounts to value fields. Also, operational information is now included in the universal journal, such as customer, vendor, asset, and product codes, enabling better cross-functional reporting. Business users can configure the fields that they need, without requiring IT intervention.
SAP Smart Business cockpits. The transactions available in the universal journal can be accessed directly in real time, enabling a real-time calculation of summary information, such as account balances for financial statements and profit and cost center balances; the calculation of key performance indicators (KPIs) such as operating margins; trends such as outstanding receivables over time; and predictive capabilities such as cash and liquidity planning. These capabilities are delivered using dashboards, leveraging SAP Fiori. In addition to providing executive-level detail, individual business users can configure the parameters of these KPIs—for example, adjusting the tolerance of receivables outstanding. These dashboards also facilitate drill down into the granular details if the KPIs indicate an issue.
Integrated business planning. The vision behind this scenario is that planning should not take place in silos, and should include operational planning. From a supply chain perspective, the solution is referred to as SAP Integrated Business Planning. From a financial perspective, in the past there were different plans for cost centers, internal orders, projects, profit centers, and so on; however, these plans were not tied together. In addition, there are operational plans that also have a financial impact, such as sales planning and pricing affecting revenue plans, and production and HR plans affecting cost plans. Finally, subsidiary and business unit planning need to roll up to corporate plans. SAP Integrated Business Planning for finance seeks to bring all these plans together, to enable what-if simulations to determine the best course of action. From a product perspective, customers have two options. Newly available with SAP S/4HANA is an embedded SAP Business Planning and Consolidation (SAP BPC) as part of the SAP S/4HANA infrastructure, so no replication to another server is necessary; this is referred to as SAP Business Planning and Consolidation for SAP S/4HANA. SAP BPC can still be implemented on a separate server, for example, by using SAP Business Planning and Consolidation for SAP S/4HANA, version for SAP NetWeaver.

When the first innovations were announced for SAP S/4HANA Finance, it only encompassed the core financial accounting and controlling functions, selected financial operations capabilities, and planning. In addition, fraud management and audit management capabilities in the SAP GRC portfolio were written directly for SAP HANA, and are not available without SAP HANA. These capabilities also included integration with cloud solutions to support hybrid scenarios. Throughout this past year, additional areas within the finance portfolio of SAP S/4HANA Finance have been re-architected, such as the consolidations processes within SAP BPC as part of the corporate close. All new innovations, such as those using the SAP Cloud Platform, are built natively to leverage the innovations available with SAP HANA.

Evolution of the Naming of SAP S/4HANA Finance

During its various stages of development, SAP S/4HANA has been referred to by different product names. In this sidebar I walk you through these various product names.

sFin

The term sFin was an internal project name to reflect only the innovations that were developed with the changes in the underlying architecture of SAP ERP, based on SAP HANA. For a time, many equated this name with what we now refer to as SAP S/4HANA Finance (or SAP Simple Finance), which is incorrect. The project name referred only to the re-architecting of the finance infrastructure and innovations described in the section “Innovations within SAP S/4HANA Finance,” leveraging SAP HANA. These innovations are not equivalent to the complete scope of SAP S/4HANA Finance.

Smart Financials

For a short period, the innovations for SAP HANA were referred to as Smart Financials. This name has been replaced; only a series of cockpits and dashboards retain the name today, specifically the SAP Smart Business cockpits. These cockpits are the role-based dashboard apps, leveraging SAP Fiori as a technology. Examples of delivered dashboards within Finance include SAP Smart Business for accounts receivable, SAP Smart Business for accounts payables, SAP Smart Business for cash management, and SAP Smart Business for CFOs.

Financials Add-On for SAP Business Suite, Powered by SAP HANA

The innovations developed on SAP HANA were given the name Financials add-on for SAP Business Suite, powered by SAP HANA. The scope is the same as that represented by the internal sFin naming. The add-on name was designed to reflect that this is an enhancement to the existing SAP ERP Central Component (ECC) platform, delivered with enhancement package 7, emphasizing that these capabilities do not require a separate system. This name is still found in some of the help documentation and the support portal. The areas of innovation include SAP Accounting powered by SAP HANA; integrated business planning (using SAP BPC); and SAP Smart Business cockpits for several finance roles, including accounts receivable, accounts payable, cash management, and a dashboard for CFOs, which all leverage SAP Fiori.

SAP Simple Finance

With the SAP corporate motto of Run Simple, finance was the first line of business to leverage the efficiencies of SAP HANA. When this name was first announced at Sapphire 2014, the press release emphasized that the solution is now available in a private cloud deployment mode, the SAP HANA Enterprise Cloud. That being said, it was also stated that this is only one of several deployment modes, as described in the “Deployment Modes” section. Given that the finance portfolio covers all portfolios, including SAP ERP Financials, SAP SAP EPM, and SAP GRC, SAP Simple Finance is defined as a solution that encompasses all these portfolios. And to emphasize: SAP Simple Finance is not a renaming of the project name sFin or of the Financials add-on for SAP Business Suite, powered by SAP HANA. sFin was the project name only for the innovations, the Financials add-on the externally-facing name for the innovations, and SAP Simple Finance is the entire scope of SAP solutions for Finance as defined by the value map.

SAP Simple Finance Add-On, Powered by SAP HANA

This name combines the idea of the entire portfolio (SAP Simple Finance) yet highlights the innovations within the SAP Business Suite. The naming piggy-backs on the former add-on terminology. There are two internal project numbers of waves of innovations, which can be summarized as follows:

- SAP Simple Finance add-on 1.0: The IT infrastructure is changed, eliminating totals and index tables across FI and Controlling (CO) capabilities. Reporting is available to combine FI and CO information, as well as operational information, yet this only logically combines the information, it is not a physical combination of the underlying transactional tables.

- SAP Simple Finance add-on 2.0: The IT infrastructure is updated further, and the logical reporting view that combines FI and CO is now consolidated into the universal journal; this is one physical table, ACDOCA, which is the source of all information. With in-memory computing, all reports, including totals and KPIs, are calculated directly from this transactional table.

SAP S/4HANA Finance

In 2015, SAP S/4HANA was announced as the next-generation business suite. SAP Simple Finance was the first step of moving to SAP S/4HANA. Other lines of business also began moving toward the same types of architectural and process simplification that were developed in Finance. To have a consistent naming across all lines of business applications, including manufacturing, procurement, and sales, all lines of business now use the SAP S/4HANA name. Therefore, SAP Simple Finance has been renamed to be SAP S/4HANA Finance. And SAP S/4HANA Finance encompasses the entire portfolio of SAP solutions for finance, across all deployment modes: on premise, hybrid, and both private and public cloud. While there are release numbers associated with each SAP S/4HANA release, those are relevant across all of SAP S/4HANA, including Finance, even if not all capabilities were re-architected in each release. The release names refer to the year and month of the release, for example 1511, 1610, and 1709.

SAP S/4HANA Cloud for Finance

To deploy finance capabilities in the cloud, the name SAP S/4HANA Cloud for finance refers to the public cloud solution. This name actually replaces the prior name of SAP S/4HANA Finance Cloud. There are several components, based on the SAP Cloud Platform, that carry individual component names, such as SAP S/4HANA Cloud for customer payments, and SAP S/4HANA Cloud for credit integration. In cases where a private cloud-only deployment mode is meant on the component level, the component name is typically followed by “private option.”

SAP S/4HANA Finance and the Digital Core

SAP S/4HANA is the next-generation business suite, and as such, it is the digital core of the entire ecosystem of solutions offered by SAP. The digital core includes the core enterprise management capabilities across lines of business, including finance and the supply chain. The core SAP S/4HANA system uses release numbers, just as release numbers are used in the SAP ECC world. The releases are based on year and month of release. For an on-premise deployment, new releases are planned on an annual basis, for example 1511 (released November 2015); 1610 (released October 2016); and 1709 (September 2017). For the SAP S/4HANA Cloud, releases are planned on a quarterly basis, for example 1705 (released May 2017); 1708 (released August 2017); and 1711 (released November 2017). These release numbering is consistent for the entire SAP S/4HANA digital core, even though different lines of business re-architected at different times. For example, finance was the first line of business to leverage the SAP S/4HANA infrastructure, and there is still continued work to expand these innovations; in these earlier releases, other lines of business are still available in SAP S/4HANA, but were just not yet optimized. Manufacturing also adopted the naming of SAP S/4HANA Manufacturing, even prior to the release or the re-architected capabilities; the first release where the manufacturing line of business optimized for the SAP S/4HANA infrastructure was in the 1511 release, followed by significant enhancements as part of the 1610 release. At the same time, for SAP S/4HANA, there is built-in integration to “edge” solutions; these solutions are not part of the digital core, or central infrastructure delivered with SAP S/4HANA. These “edge” solutions are available in a cloud deployment. Customers have the choice of implementing a hybrid model of on-premise and cloud solutions, or an all-cloud scenario if using SAP S/4HANA Cloud for finance. The categories of these cloud solutions are shown in Figure A:

Customer Experience (Omnichannel): SAP Hybris allows you to take individual customer buying patterns and preferences and create campaigns to market to an audience of one. In addition, it provides a complete end-to-end experience across marketing, orders, delivery, and invoices. From a finance perspective, it also includes integration into the universal journal to record revenue, cost of sales, accounts receivables, and profitability analysis for margin reporting.
Workforce Engagement: SAP SuccessFactors helps manage the workforce, including on-boarding, talent development, and analysis of skills, as well as payroll processes. For finance, the payroll and benefits payout processes are handled as a special case of accounts payable.
Ecosystem Collaboration – Business Networks: Several solutions enable collaboration with the larger ecosystem surrounding the company. SAP Ariba enables the evaluation, selection, and collaboration with suppliers, including invoice management. SAP Fieldglass helps with the management of a contingent workforce when the need arises. Concur helps to manage travel partners and expense reimbursements. For finance, each of these scenarios is a use case for the integration into accounts payable.
Assets and the Internet of Things (IoT): The SAP HANA platform allows for the combining of internal, external, social, and sensor data to enable real-time visibility, to quantifiable measures of customer activity and other market dynamics, with qualitative measures of customer intent and behavior. This is further supported by SAP Leonardo, to provide capabilities for the IoT, machine learning, blockchain, analytics including prediction, and Big Data. As an example for finance, proactive management of assets based on sensor information has an impact on maintenance costs, and external information can be leveraged in predictive planning scenarios.

Figure A

SAP S/4HANA Finance sits within the digital core, where business transactions are used to provide intelligent insights, across all five pillars of the finance value map