Onapsis Research Labs Threat Advisory: The New SAP Exploitation Toolkit SAPMAP

On September 15th, a group of researchers publicly released an open-source SAP discovery and exploitation toolkit (dubbed “SAPMAP”).  This toolkit contains multiple exploits for various known SAP vulnerabilities and offensive security capabilities for targeting SAP systems, also including proof-of-concept (PoC) exploits for critical SAP vulnerabilities patched by SAP earlier this month.

This article analyzes the offensive security capabilities released, and provides SAP customers with recommendations on how to assess business risk and mitigation strategies against potential unauthorized use of this new toolkit.

As of the publication of this article, the Onapsis Research Labs have not observed active exploitation by threat actors using SAPMAP yet, but past trends (such as the critical SAP zero-day CVE-2025-31324 mass exploitation last year) indicate that public PoC releases can often jumpstart attack campaigns within days or weeks.

We will continue to monitor our Global SAP Threat Intel Network for various types of attack activity, and deliver updates to the SAP community as well as further in-product support and communication to our Onapsis customers.

SAPMAP is an SAP exploitation toolkit that bears some similarities to BloodHound (for Microsoft Active Directory and EntraID) and Metasploit. While originally gated, the open-source toolkit was introduced into the public domain on GitHub, licensed under GPL 3.0.  Within the SAPMAP toolkit, users have access to several SAP exploits, ransomware PoCs, discovery and automation tooling, and other very powerful offensive security capabilities.  The toolkit also includes an exploit for CVE-2025-31324, which was the single most frequently-exploited vulnerability in the world last year according to the Mandiant M-Trends 2026 report.  The collective capabilities in this toolkit enable operators to perform automated attacks against SAP landscapes, resulting in the full compromise of unprotected SAP business-critical systems, data and processes.

In terms of capabilities, SAPMAP can automatically map an organization’s entire SAP environment, spanning both on-premises systems and cloud (including SAP BTP). Further, it offers PoCs for lateral movement and local privilege escalation (e.g., over RFC). It traverses trust boundaries in both directions to plot attack paths from an initial foothold all the way to full system control. It even offers an SAP ransomware deployment PoC, visualizations, and a one-click automation that chains every offensive capability that SAPMAP has into a self-driving, converging loop (i.e., SCAN->EXPLOIT->ENRICH->PROPAGATE).

Onapsis Research Labs performed an initial analysis of the contents of SAPMAP, in particular, the “exploitation” folder.  At the time of publishing, the contents of that folder contain modules in the following categories.

Core Offensive Capabilities and Exploit Modules

Of these, the most critical category is the Standalone Pre-Authentication Exploits category, as the contents include exploits that do not require an account in the target SAP system.

At the same time, the Post-Authentication Activity folder provides significant offensive capabilities that a toolkit user could leverage on a compromised SAP system. Of considerable note are the following three:

1. SAP Ransomware PoC Tool – Capability to perform basic encryption of SAP business information and send ransomware notes to SAP users, including a “pre-configured list of high-impact tables” for the operator to target and encrypt the most critical business data tables in a target SAP system.

2. Direct Database Injection – SAP user creation through SQL injection directly into USR02/UST04/USRBF2 tables via operating system command line interfaces (CLI) through SAPXPG, bypassing identity, GRC and segregation of duties controls.

3. SAP TMS Propagation – Uses wormlike functionality to auto-propagate a malicious SAP transport object across all SAP systems.

SAP Business Risk and Impact Analysis

The SAPMAP toolkit delivers a complete and comprehensive set of SAP offensive capabilities, including weaponized exploits for some of the most critical, preauthentication SAP vulnerabilities in recent memory – including PoC exploits for critical vulnerabilities patched by SAP earlier this month.  Successful exploitation can result in full compromise of unprotected SAP systems business-critical data and processes. This can include exfiltration, tampering and/or deletion of critical SAP-hosted business data, disruption of mission-critical SAP business processes, deployment of ransomware in SAP, lateral movement, and more.

The toolkit ships with an integrated MCP server, including more than  30 tools and resources,  so the entire attack functionality including AutoPwn (the scan→exploit→propagate convergence loop) and RanSAPware (the ransomware module) is wired up as tools that  LLM agents can invoke directly over MCP.  In other words, the toolkit is explicitly designed for autonomous, AI-driven operation of the full SAP exploitation chain, not just manual GUI use.

A Note on PoCs/Exploits for New Critical Vulnerabilities OVERPASS and S4GET

In addition to several vulnerabilities SAP has patched long time ago, SAPMAP also contains exploits/PoCs for two vulnerabilities only recently patched by SAP on September 8th: S4GET (CVE-2026-58240) and OVERPASS (CVE-2026-44756).  These zero-day vulnerabilities were originally discovered by the Onapsis Research Labs, who worked in close collaboration with SAP to mitigate them (for more information see the on-demand SAP+Onapsis threat briefing).

In the case of OVERPASS, while the maintainers initially indicated that related exploits were being withheld from public release, the Onapsis Research Labs detected that they were in fact included in the repository commits.

Onapsis Research Labs has reported this to the project maintainers. It’s worth noting that all clones of the repository since its original publication include these previously-committed files. Defenders should operate under the assumption that OVERPASS exploit PoCs have been made publicly available.

Recommended Actions for SAP Exposure Management

Onapsis Research Labs strongly advises all SAP customers to ensure their landscapes are fully patched with the relevant SAP Security Notes, prioritizing protection against OVERPASS, S4GET and the Standalone Pre-Authentication Exploitations contained within this toolkit:

Step-by-Step SAP Exposure Management

In general, a good order of operations for comprehensive SAP exposure management and patching of systems is as follows:

1. Assess and identify vulnerable SAP applications in your environment (don’t forget shadow and non-production systems.)
2. Apply the relevant SAP Security Notes. Prioritize applying notes to SAP systems exposed to the internet, then work inwards. Consider that internal systems still represent a large attack surface as affected components are commonly accessible even through internal firewalls in corporate networks.
3. Reduce attack surface and reachability where your architecture allows.
4. Monitor for exploitation attempts. Ensure you have visibility into your SAP application layer, so that attempts to exploit these vulnerabilities can be detected.

Defending SAP Landscapes with the Onapsis Platform

Over the years, Onapsis Research Labs have had a long history of partnering with SAP to mitigate many of the most critical vulnerabilities to affect SAP systems. In our deeper analysis of the SAPMAP toolkit, we learned that the Onapsis security researchers responsibly reported and helped SAP mitigate 7 of the 10 featured vulnerabilities. This means that Onapsis Defend customers have already received proactive SAP zero-day protection for most of these issues, in cases even months before the SAP Security Notes became available.

It’s imperative for enterprises to leverage focused SAP cybersecurity automation capabilities, rooted in high-fidelity threat intelligence,  such as those found in the Onapsis Platform. Exposure management from Onapsis Assess and continuous threat and exploit monitoring from Onapsis Defend are underwritten by insights from the Onapsis Research Labs and the telemetry from our Global SAP Threat Intel Network. Collectively, these capabilities deliver significant protection from threat actors armed with both private and public exploits or toolkits.

Immediate Protection Steps for Onapsis Customers

Onapsis Research Labs strongly advises all Onapsis customers to take the following immediate steps in the Onapsis Platform:

1. Expedite Vulnerability Scanning & Patching with Onapsis Assess: Immediately audit all SAP assets using Onapsis Assess and prioritize patching any systems vulnerable to the exploits packaged in SAPMAP.

2. Activate Real-Time Threat Monitoring with Onapsis Defend: Continuously monitor SAP environments for indicators of compromise, unauthorized administrative activity, or exploitation attempts. Onapsis Research Labs discovered and helped mitigate most of these vulnerabilities, which means Defend has multiple rules in place to protect against potential exploitation, even during the time patches are in the process of being rolled out.

Conclusion: Securing Your Enterprise Against SAPMAP

SAPMAP pairs PoC exploits for some very critical SAP vulnerabilities with significant offensive capabilities. As with any powerful toolkit that becomes broadly available, the priority for SAP customers is straightforward: make sure your landscape is protected, patch the underlying vulnerabilities and ensure you have visibility to detect exploitation attempts. The Onapsis Research Labs will continue to monitor the threat landscape and support the SAP community accordingly.